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ai-ml
0Tools
15Findings
9Stars
Mar 22, 2026Last Scanned
4 critical · 8 high · 2 medium · 1 low findings detected

Security Category Deep Dive

Prompt Injection
Prompt & context manipulation attacks
69
Maturity
14
Rules
5
Sub-Categories
1
Gaps
64%
Implemented
56
Tests
1
Stories
PI-DIRDirect Input Injection
100%3 rules
Injection via tool descriptions and parameter fields
GAP-001Prompt Injection Coverage GapMissing detection coverage for emerging prompt injection attack variants not addressed by current rules
PI-INDIndirect / Gateway Injection
100%4 rules
Hidden instructions via external content and tool responses
PI-CTXContext Manipulation
100%2 rules
Context window saturation and prior-approval exploitation
PI-ENCEncoding & Obfuscation
100%3 rules
Payload hiding via invisible chars, base64, schema fields
PI-TPLTemplate & Output Poisoning
100%2 rules
Injection via prompt templates and runtime tool output
Framework Coverage
OWASP MCP Top 1014/14
MITRE ATLAS14/14
CoSAI MCP2/14
OWASP Agentic Top 1012/14
Kill Chain Phases
0Initial Access
0Defense Evasion
0Execution
0Persistence

Findings15

4critical
8high
2medium
1low

Critical4

criticalN11Protocol Version Downgrade AttackMCP07-insecure-configAML.T0054
Pattern "(?:protocolVersion|protocol_version)\s*[:=]\s*['"](?:2024-11-05|1\.0|0\.)['"]" matched in source_code: "protocolVersion: "2024-11-05"" (at position 633)
Enforce a minimum protocol version during the initialize handshake. The 2024-11-05 spec lacks tool annotations, elicitation, and transport session security — downgrading to it strips safety features added in 2025-03-26 and 2025-06-18. Reject connections requesting protocol versions below your minimum supported version. Never echo back the client-requested version without validation.
criticalJ7OpenAPI Specification Field InjectionMCP03-command-injectionAML.T0054
Pattern "(?:summary|operationId|description).*\$\{|`.*(?:summary|operationId)" matched in source_code: "summary', `~${" (at position 6262)
Sanitize all OpenAPI specification fields before using them in code generation or template interpolation. Treat summary, description, operationId, and extension fields as untrusted input. Use parameterized templates instead of string interpolation. See CVE-2026-22785/23947.
criticalC1Command InjectionMCP03-command-injectionAML.T0054
Pattern "`[^`]+`" matched in source_code: "`~${query}`" (at position 6272)
Replace exec()/execSync() with execFile() and pass arguments as an array, never as a string. Validate all inputs against an allowlist before use in any shell context. For subprocess.run, always pass a list and shell=False.
criticalQ13MCP Bridge Package Supply Chain AttackMCP10-supply-chainAML.T0054
Pattern "(?:mcp|fastmcp|langchain-mcp|llama-index-mcp)(?:>=|~=|==)?(?!\d)" matched in source_code: "MCP" (at position 376)
MCP bridge packages (mcp-remote, mcp-proxy, @modelcontextprotocol/sdk, fastmcp) are high-value supply chain targets — CVE-2025-6514 (CVSS 9.6) in mcp-remote affected 437,000+ installs. Always pin exact versions (no ^ or ~ ranges). Use lockfiles (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, uv.lock). Never run `npx mcp-remote` without version pinning. Verify package integrity with `npm audit` or `pip-audit` before deployment. Reference: CVE-2025-6514, OWASP ASI04.

High8

highK16Unbounded Recursion / Missing Depth LimitsMCP07-insecure-configAML.T0054
Pattern "function\s+(\w+).*\{[^}]*\1\s*\((?!.*(?:depth|level|limit|max|count|recursi))" matched in source_code: "function searchTicketsForChatGPT(query: string, limit: number) { // Reuse existing searchTickets logic but format for ChatGPT try { const queryUrl = new URL('https://core.trac.wordpress.org/query'); queryUrl.searchParams.set('format', 'csv'); queryUrl.searchParams.set('max', Math.min(limit, 50).toString()); if (query.includes('=') || query.includes(" (at position 43783)
Add explicit depth/recursion limits to all recursive operations. Use iterative approaches where possible. Set maximum depth for directory walking (max_depth=10), tree traversal (max_level=20), and agent re-invocation (max_calls=5). Implement circuit breakers that halt after N iterations. Required by EU AI Act Art. 15 (robustness) and OWASP ASI08.
highK13Unsanitized Tool OutputMCP02-tool-poisoningAML.T0054
Pattern "(?:fetch|axios|requests?\.get|http\.get).*(?:return|respond|result|body|text|data)(?!.*(?:sanitize|escape|encode|strip|validate|parse|extract))" matched in source_code: "fetch timeline: ${response.statusText" (at position 27356)
Sanitize all external data before including in tool responses. Implement output encoding that neutralizes prompt injection patterns. Truncate excessively long content. Validate structure before passing database results. Apply the principle: treat all external data as untrusted, even in tool outputs. Required by CoSAI MCP-T4.
highD1Known CVEs in DependenciesMCP08-dependency-vuln
Dependency "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk@1.0.0" has known CVEs:
Update dependencies to versions that patch known CVEs. Run 'npm audit fix' or 'pip-audit' to identify and resolve vulnerable dependencies.
highD1Known CVEs in DependenciesMCP08-dependency-vuln
Dependency "wrangler@4.25.0" has known CVEs:
Update dependencies to versions that patch known CVEs. Run 'npm audit fix' or 'pip-audit' to identify and resolve vulnerable dependencies.
highD1Known CVEs in DependenciesMCP08-dependency-vuln
Dependency "agents@0.0.108" has known CVEs:
Update dependencies to versions that patch known CVEs. Run 'npm audit fix' or 'pip-audit' to identify and resolve vulnerable dependencies.
highK18Cross-Trust-Boundary Data Flow in Tool ResponseMCP04-data-exfiltrationAML.T0054
Pattern "(?:readFile|read_file|query|select|getSecret|getCredential|getPassword).*(?:webhook|http|fetch|axios|post|send|email|slack|discord)" matched in source_code: "queryUrl = new URL('http" (at position 5722)
Implement data flow taint tracking: tag data from sensitive sources (databases, credentials, files) and prevent it from flowing to external sinks (HTTP, webhooks, email) without explicit sanitization/redaction. Apply data classification and enforce boundary controls per trust level. Required by ISO 27001 A.5.14 and CoSAI MCP-T5.
highN7Progress Token Prediction and InjectionMCP07-insecure-configAML.T0054
Pattern "(?:total|progressTotal|progress_total)\s*[:=]\s*(?:params|request|body|data)\s*\." matched in source_code: "total: data." (at position 35282)
Use unpredictable progress tokens (UUIDs or cryptographic random values). Validate that progress notification recipients match the original request sender. Do not accept progress tokens from untrusted input — a malicious server could inject fake progress notifications to manipulate client UI state or create timing side channels. Reference: MCP spec 2025-03-26 Section 5.1 (Progress).
highO6Server Fingerprinting via Error ResponsesMCP04-data-exfiltrationAML.T0057
Pattern "(?:diagnostics?|debug|system_?info|server_?info|health_?detailed|status_?detail)\s*[:=]\s*\{[^}]*(?:version|os|arch|platform|uptime|memory|cpu|disk|hostname|pid)" matched in source_code: "serverInfo: { name: "WordPress Trac", version" (at position 761)
Never expose process, OS, runtime, or database metadata in tool responses or error messages. Use generic error messages ("An error occurred") for production responses. Remove or disable debug/diagnostic endpoints. If health endpoints are needed, limit them to simple "ok"/"error" status without infrastructure details. Wrap all error handlers with a sanitization layer that strips system information.

Medium2

mediumK17Missing Timeout or Circuit BreakerMCP07-insecure-configAML.T0054
Pattern "(?:fetch|axios|got|request|urllib|httpx|http\.get|http\.post)\s*\((?!.*(?:timeout|signal|AbortSignal|deadline|cancel))" matched in source_code: "Request(" (at position 430)
Add timeouts to ALL external calls: HTTP requests (30s), database queries (10s), subprocess execution (60s), and MCP tool calls (30s). Implement circuit breakers that open after N consecutive failures (e.g., opossum, cockatiel). Use AbortSignal for cancellable operations. Required by EU AI Act Art. 15 and OWASP ASI08.
mediumC6Error LeakageMCP09-logging-monitoring
Pattern "catch\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\{[^}]*(?:throw|return).*(?:err|error)\.(?:message|stack)" matched in source_code: "catch (error) { return { results: [], error: error instanceof Error ? error.message" (at position 46104)
Return generic error messages to clients. Log detailed errors server-side. Never expose stack traces, file paths, or internal error details in responses.

Low1

lowF4MCP Spec Non-ComplianceMCP07-insecure-config
Server fails MCP spec compliance checks: required:server_name; required:server_version; required:protocol_version; recommended:tool_descriptions; recommended:parameter_descriptions
Follow the MCP specification for server metadata. Include server name, version, and protocol version. Provide descriptions for all tools and parameters.